Analog transmission is not particularly efficient. When the signal-to-noise ratio of an analog signal deteriorates due to attenuation, amplifying the signal also amplifies noise. Digital signals are ...

The various methods for converting analogue signals into the form of pulse-code modulation and back again are reviewed. Reasons are given for preferring a particular method of conversion called ...

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...

In MIPI Soundwire: Digital Audio Simplified, we mentioned that digital audio formats including Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) and Pulse Density Modulation (PDM) are target applications for MIPI Soundwire ...

In PCM systems, distortion of very low level signals is known to occur, and in high-quality programme distribution it is the most objectionable signal degradation caused by this kind of system. This ...

Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...